Interstellar Seeds Could Create Oases of Life

In 2004 I wrote a short piece for my local newspaper in which I speculated about the possibility of comet impacts splashing chunks of Earth back into space, and some of the life in those chunks surviving long enough to fertilize other worlds. Here’s that story:

From The Book of Miracles - Public Domain

From The Book of Miracles – Public Domain

Tech Nickels
Fertile Comets

Comets are often compared to a dirty snowball, only not packed so hard. Their density is more like a snowbank. Comets aren’t big enough as a rule for gravity to pull them into a spherical shape, so they’re mostly irregular chunks of dirty snow. On highly elliptical orbits, the comets we see loop way out to the fringes of the Solar System and beyond, then back in close to the Sun. Near the warm center they heat up and blow off huge clouds of dust and water vapor which we are sometimes lucky enough to see. When closest to the Sun, they are venting vast plumes which leave holes on their surface.

We tend to worry about things like comets. All through history we’ve attached abnormal significance to their appearance. Of course, it had to be all about us. Whether portents of the fall of kingdoms or bearers of evil omens, we’ve shown a tendency to be a little self-centered about it. Not that there isn’t evidence of severe damage when Earth is struck by some of the bigger comets. Big ones can hit us so hard that the splash is blown right back into space. The dinosaurs probably went extinct after a big comet strike. We should definitely worry about them.

Something we don’t usually think about is what happens to the Earth material that gets blown into space. There must be tons of Earth ejecta in an expanding cloud throughout the galaxy, given how often and how long comets have been hitting us. The Milky Way has rotated about twenty times since Earth formed, spreading it further. There is evidence of life on Earth going back almost four billion years. It stands to reason that some of it was carried into space in cometary splashback. Most of it would die in such a harsh environment, but some microbes would survive. They would be capable of remaining as dormant spores preserved in Earth dust. Over the eons they would drift through cold space, and a few of them might end up settling onto a new planet capable of stimulating them back to life.

There is a debate whether life started on Earth or was seeded here from elsewhere. The Panspermia Theory developed by Chandra Wickramasinghe and the late Sir Fred Hoyle favors the latter. Now Professor Wickramasinghe is one of a few researchers suggesting that life from Earth is also out there seeding other worlds. I like that.

That was then. Now some people at Harvard have suggested a way we can possibly test the Panspermia theory.

Cambridge, MA –
We only have one example of a planet with life: Earth. But within the next generation, it should become possible to detect signs of life on planets orbiting distant stars. If we find alien life, new questions will arise. For example, did that life arise spontaneously? Or could it have spread from elsewhere? If life crossed the vast gulf of interstellar space long ago, how would we tell?

Interstellar Seeds Could Create Oases of Life

In a nutshell, they think any life we discover would appear in a pattern resembling that formed in an epidemic, if it was spreading via panspermia. It’s fun watching ideas develop.

rjb

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Wildfires 2015

All photos in this post by Jim Bowering CC-BY-SA

All photos in this post by Jim Bowering CC-BY-SA

It’s wildfire season here, and this year is particularly bad. We’ve had evacuations in my town, but it’s even worse south of the border in the United States. Unfortunately, we’ve had a south wind for the last few days, so all the smoke is coming up here. The above photo shows the view from my dining room window, and that’s what I see these days while having dinner. If you look closely you can almost see the other side of the valley, which I estimate to be about a kilometer away.

smoke-evening-2

This shot is the same time. It shows up the distant hills a little better. To the eye, the Sun was actually a deep ruby red, but my camera couldn’t capture it.

smoke-evening-3

This is the next day. I tried a different setting on the camera and it got a little closer, but still no ruby. You can see that the visibility has improved and you can make out the hills easily.

smoke-evening-4

Almost got it, but I obviously need a better camera and more talent. I was able to stare directly at the Sun with no discomfort.

smoke-morning-1

Yesterday morning I gave it a try with the “Sunrise” setting. Not bad, but I assure you the sky was not that color.-) Look closely again and you will see a hint of the east side of the valley. And the smoke was thin enough overhead to show that contrail.

smoke-morning-2

Looking east again this morning, with the “Sunset” setting. The sky is closer to its actual color, but the Sun is still too yellow. The visibility is improving, with the eastern hills making a better showing. Also the aircraft fighting the fires are allowed to fly again, having been grounded by low visibility.

smoke-morning-3

Looking east on my morning walk. I made sure to walk slowly, to keep the inhalation of “particulates” to a minimum. It’s good to get out, though. I’ve been staying in with all the doors and windows sealed, and definitely not doing any strenuous work in the yard. I used to fight these fires, with the heat on my skin and the smoke in my lungs, but that was back when I was young and invincible.-)

Looking forward to a nice rainy day,

rjb

PS, WordPress seems to be randomly failing to display images lately. I can see no reason why one of these should be treated differently from the others. Oh well. Waiting and hoping for an update to fix it.

rjb

PPS, I think I fixed the non-displaying images. I disabled “Photon,” which uploads the images to a WordPress server and serves them from there.

rjb

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Review of Green Comet

Credit Visitor7 - CC-BY-SA

Credit Visitor7 – CC-BY-SA

A while back I came across a copy of Chris J Randolph‘s book, Stars Rain Down. I read it and found it good — an action-packed science fiction adventure. We met each other in virtual space and, as things happen, he offered to read and review Green Comet. What follows is that review.

Public Domain

Public Domain

Review — Green Comet
by Jim Bowering

Jacket Description:

“As Elgin wakes from a centuries-long sleep, it’s to the memory of danger and loss. Even in the confusion of re-animation, he wonders if this time she’ll be there. But then he remembers the mysterious Visitor and the perilous mission that took Frances from him, and darkness closes in again. Even so, there’s always the hope that this time will be different, that they will have found a way. It was always like this. Hope would always rise again, no matter how often it was struck down.”

I recently had the pleasure of reading Green Comet, the first novel by Jim Bowering. It’s an interesting and well-written book that would have been perfectly at home among the classic science-fiction of the 1950s, when scientists were heroes and love was a simple matter. It’s a strong debut showing for the author but not without its faults.

Note: This is an in-depth review with some minor spoilers.

The novel begins with the main character, Elgin, waking from cryogenic hibernation on the titular Green Comet, an inhabited ball of ice hurtling through space. During the next few chapters, we’re treated to the disorienting experience of his slow return to consciousness, interspersed with the history of his (unnamed) homeworld.

The author doesn’t go into much detail about that planet, and we’re left to imagine that it’s generally Earth-like, while the dominant race would appear to be identical to modern humans. The one startling difference from our own world, and the one that sets up most of the novel’s intrigue, is the large quantity of nearby comets… so many, in fact, that at least two are visible in the sky at any given time.

After one of these comets nearly wipes out the species, they begin to take the dangers of their solar system more seriously, and thus begins their quest to not just tame the comets but eventually colonize them. This is spearheaded by a growing population of synesthetes, people whose senses mingle in peculiar ways, giving them unexpected talents, and it’s these unusual folk who fill out the novel’s cast.

In the present, Elgin is slowly introduced to the realities of modern life inside Green Comet, guided by a kind-hearted and childlike steward named Minder. The life Elgin once knew has changed in subtle ways after nearly two millennia of sleep, but there are some disturbing developments centered around his part in the comet’s history. He and his friends have since become legends (even religious figures, in some cases), and the story behind this forms the core of the narrative.

To that end, the story then jumps back to when Elgin first came to the comet, and proceeds in a mostly linear fashion until the final pages. We learn of his unique talents as an engineer, his adventures playing a futuristic sport called Flashball, and (eventually) his love of the brilliant Frances.

Most of Elgin’s challenges are related to his work as an engineer, while the largest conflicts are interpersonal matters and public debates. This holds true until the book’s denouement, in which a lingering threat finally surfaces after a remarkably long and deliberate build-up. The tension reaches a peak there, and we’re also treated to the story’s most touching and poignant moments… but the climax ultimately amounts to more of a fizzle than a bang.

After that, the narrative shifts into fast-forward as the intervening 1,800 years are accounted for. Loose threads are tied up and all the remaining questions are answered, rolling on to a finale that leaves the reader on a slightly mysterious though hopeful note.

Overall, I quite enjoyed the book. It had a warm spirit and sense of adventure, and the author’s scientific concepts were well thought out and interesting. From the biological modifications the colonists underwent to the kinds of food and furnishings they used, it’s clear Mr. Bowering put a lot of thought into how exactly people might live inside a comet. Some of his other concepts, such as the use of ice for much of their construction, stretched my disbelief somewhat uncomfortably, but never to breaking

The story features a small cast of characters, and though charming, I didn’t always feel that their personalities were deeply sketched out. We spend most of our time with Elgin who is bright, honest, and kind, but the story leans heavily on his innate synesthetic talent, which allows him to simply tell when something is “right.”

The most memorable character by far is Elgin’s best friend, Buzzard, who is portrayed as autistic (though it’s never said outright). Despite his social and physical awkwardness, the character is beloved by everyone in the comet, and (in my opinion) was always a welcome presence in any scene.

On the other end of the spectrum is Frances, Elgin’s love interest and (in many respects) the most important character in the novel. Described as smart, commanding, and compassionate, I nevertheless feel like her character was underdeveloped, and hampered by the fact that we mostly see her through the loving glow of Elgin’s gaze. We know all too well how Elgin feels about her by the end, but the character nevertheless remains something of a cipher.

Also of note in this regard is the game of Flashball, which the characters spend a lot of time practicing and playing throughout the novel. Even though it takes up considerable narrative space, I still don’t have much idea how the game is played, and that’s something I’d definitely like the author to have expanded on more.

The writing is solid and I was very rarely lost or confused about what was happening, even in a low-gravity environment where all the characters can fly and walk on walls. The prose is fluid and pulls you right along, with only a few awkward passages in the early parts that might have benefited from another editing pass.

That being said, the writing is often dispassionate and doesn’t show much style or flair, with the author frequently recounting events in an expository or summary style, free of perspective or emotion. This is especially disconcerting when dramatic moments are glossed over, with the focus instead placed on the quiet interpersonal scenes that follow. This is the case for many of the debates that are the key conflicts through the second act; we know broadly what happens and how the characters react, but these would have been excellent places to really dig in and describe so the reader can experience it for themselves.

At the top of the review, I mentioned that the book would fit in well with classics from the 1950s, and that’s a feeling I found inescapable while reading it. The characters are all moral and forthright; problems are solved through judicious applications of science and teamwork; and the entire story has a certain child-like naiveté and coyness that’s quite
charming. For my own personal taste, I tend to prefer a bit more grit, disgust, and dishonesty, but Green Comet won me over with its relentless hope and happiness.

The book is well copyedited and formatted (I found precisely one typo and one formatting error during my read). The subject matter should be suitable for audiences of any age, though younger readers will struggle with some of the more obscure vocabulary.

Considering the price (as free as air) and permissive license (Creative Commons, attribution, share alike), I can strongly recommend Green Comet, and I wish the author the best of luck with his next outing!

Chris J. Randolph

Credit Wellcome - CC-BY

Credit Wellcome – CC-BY

Thank you, Chris, for such an in-depth review of Green Comet. Almost as many words here as in the book. I hope it didn’t leave you feeling like this fellow.-)

Now, go to his website and check out his books. It’s the least you could do.-)

rjb

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